Because the built-in microphone is only for the Google Assistant. See more here.
Therefore you need an extra-headset with a microphone to communicate via TV/PC with others. If you play Stadia on the phone, you could use the phone-microphone. See more here.
@Chufu : I can see the point of the question though. I don't use the assistant, and currently it can't be used in a game anyway, although that may well change in due course, but then what is the behavior if a headset with mic is attached..does one override the other or not...
I rarely use a headset and even more rarely do I use a mic but that's just because I prefer more single player games than multiplayer, and those multiplayer games I do play, last thing on my mind is striking up a conversation.